The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.